Turning Process Characteristics: Precision in Motion
1.1 Ensuring Concentricity Requirements with Ease
The turning process stands out for its inherent characteristics that greatly simplify the task of ensuring positional accuracy for various surfaces on the workpiece. A prime example is its innate ability to maintain concentricity requirements effortlessly. When utilizing a chuck to secure the workpiece, the rotational axis aligns seamlessly with the lathe's main spindle axis. Additionally, when opting for the use of front and rear tips for workpiece mounting, the rotational axis becomes the exact centerline connecting the two tips, ensuring concentricity is achieved with precision.
1.2 Ensuring Perpendicularity between End Face and Axis
Beyond concentricity, turning excels in maintaining the perpendicularity between the end face and the axis of the workpiece. This is accomplished through the implementation of a transverse carriage's guide rail, guaranteeing the required perpendicularity with the rotational axis of the workpiece. The result is a meticulous alignment that contributes to the overall precision of the turning process.
Smooth Cutting Process for Enhanced Productivity
One of the standout advantages of the turning process lies in its provision of a remarkably stable cutting environment. By minimizing the impact of inertia and shock forces, turning allows for the adoption of larger cutting volumes and facilitates high-speed cutting. This inherent stability not only ensures a smooth cutting process but also paves the way for a substantial increase in overall productivity.
Ideal for Precision Machining of Non-Ferrous Metal Parts
Tailored specifically for the precision machining of non-ferrous metal components, turning emerges as the method of choice when dealing with surface roughness requirements that demand smaller Ra values. In situations where traditional grinding methods are deemed impractical due to material characteristics, turning or milling steps in as the preferred approach. Particularly noteworthy is the application of diamond tooling in precision turning, capable of yielding superior quality and meeting the most stringent standards.
Simplicity in Tooling
Turning distinguishes itself by the simplicity of its tooling processes. The manufacturing, sharpening, and installation of turning tools are all straightforward, ensuring not only ease of use but also an efficiency that contributes to the overall effectiveness of the turning operation.
Applications of Turning: Versatility in Machining
Turning, when executed on a lathe with a variety of cutting tools or alternative tooling options, offers unparalleled versatility in machining. This versatility extends to the production of a diverse array of rotational surfaces, encompassing internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces, threads, grooves, end faces, and contoured surfaces. The achievable precision in machining ranges from IT8 to IT7, while the surface roughness values span from 1.6 to 0.8 Ra.
Commonly, turning is employed for the precision machining of parts with a single axis, such as straight shafts and general disc and sleeve components. The adaptability of turning processes extends to different workpiece setups or can be achieved with modifications to the lathe, allowing for the machining of multi-axis parts like crankshafts, eccentric wheels, and more. For small-batch production of various shafts, discs, sleeves, and similar components, horizontal lathes or CNC lathes are the tools of choice. Large-diameter, short-length components, with a length-to-diameter ratio of 0.3 to 0.8, find their ideal processing match in vertical lathes. The production of complex-shaped, medium to small-sized shafts, sleeves, or similar parts in batches often calls for turret lathes. Finally, for mass production of relatively simple-shaped, small parts—including screws, nuts, pipe fittings, and shaft sleeves—semi-automatic and automatic lathes prove to be highly productive, albeit with a slightly lower precision threshold.
